1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of federalism in India?
Solution
Correct: C
Federalism in India involves a division of powers between central and state governments, but laws can vary between states. Uniform laws are not a defining feature.
2. The Constitution of India was amended in 1992 to strengthen which system?
Solution
Correct: B
The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992) aimed to strengthen local self-governance through decentralization of power.
3. Which Indian state has a special constitutional status?
Solution
Correct: B
Jammu and Kashmir had special status under Article 370 (revoked in 2019), granting it autonomy from the central government.
4. The distribution of powers between the central and state governments in India is outlined in:
Solution
Correct: B
The Seventh Schedule in the Constitution divides powers into Union, State, and Concurrent Lists for federal distribution.
5. Which of these bodies acts as a federal balancing mechanism in India?
Solution
Correct: C
The Rajya Sabha represents states in the federal system, giving larger states more representation in the national legislature.
6. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, relates to:
Solution
Correct: C
The 73rd Amendment established constitutional recognition and powers for Panchayati Raj institutions (local self-government in rural areas).
7. Which of the following is an example of cooperative federalism?
Solution
Correct: D
Cooperative federalism involves collaboration between central and state governments, as seen in disaster management and policy implementation.
8. Which country is an example of a unitary system with decentralized governance?
Solution
Correct: B
France has a unitary system but practices decentralization through local governments with limited autonomy.
9. The idea of power sharing is least emphasized in:
Solution
Correct: B
Theocracy, where a religious authority holds power, rarely emphasizes sharing power across institutions or groups.
10. Article 3 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to:
Solution
Correct: B
Article 3 allows Parliament to form new states or alter existing ones' boundaries, affecting federal power structures.
11. Which authority is responsible for settling disputes between states in India?
Solution
Correct: C
The Supreme Court adjudicates inter-state disputes as the guardian of the Constitution in a federal system.
12. The 19th-century thinker who advocated power sharing to prevent tyranny was:
Solution
Correct: C
Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers and federalism emphasizes power sharing to check authoritarianism.
13. The 'Division of Powers' in federal systems primarily prevents:
Solution
Correct: C
Federalism's division of powers limits concentrated authority by distributing legislative and executive powers among levels of government.
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