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Problem 17 - Olympiad

Two theories explain the formation of lightning. Theory A states that lightning is primarily caused by charge separation within clouds, where ice crystals and graupel collide, transferring electrons. Theory B suggests that cosmic rays initiate lightning by ionizing air molecules, creating a path for electrical discharge. Which of the following would most directly weaken Theory B?

Correct: C

Theory B posits that cosmic rays *initiate* lightning by ionizing air molecules. If lightning is observed to occur in regions with minimal cosmic ray activity (Choice C), it directly undermines the necessity of cosmic rays for initiation, thus weakening Theory B. Choice A supports Theory A. Choice B would support Theory B. Choice D implies that Theory B's mechanism isn't strictly necessary for breakdown, potentially weakening it, but C is a more direct challenge to the idea that cosmic rays *cause* the initiation.