Which constitutional amendments institutionalized decentralization in India and made the third tier of government (local self-government) more powerful and effective?
Correct: C
The 73rd Amendment (for rural local self-government or Panchayati Raj) and the 74th Amendment (for urban local self-government or Municipalities) were enacted in 1992. These amendments made it mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies, reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and OBCs, and for women, and transferred powers and revenue to these bodies.