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Problem 11 - Entrance Test

Recent studies indicate that a newly discovered enzyme, Enzyme Z, plays a crucial role in the cellular repair mechanisms of certain long-lived organisms. When Enzyme Z is inhibited or its production is significantly reduced, these organisms exhibit accelerated signs of aging and are notably more susceptible to age-related diseases. Conversely, overexpression of Enzyme Z in short-lived organisms has been observed to extend their lifespan.

Correct: C

The passage provides strong evidence that Enzyme Z is involved in aging and lifespan regulation. Its inhibition accelerates aging, its overexpression extends lifespan, and it plays a 'crucial role' in cellular repair in long-lived organisms. All these points together suggest that altering the activity or production of Enzyme Z (i.e., 'modulating' it) has an effect on lifespan and health. Choice C states that 'modulating the activity or production of Enzyme Z could potentially influence an organism's longevity and healthspan.' This is a cautious but direct and well-supported inference from all the evidence presented. 'Could potentially influence' is a weak enough claim to be reliably inferred. Choice A ('directly reverses') is too strong a claim. Choice B makes a comparison not supported by the text. Choice D ('sole factor') is an extreme and unwarranted generalization given the complexity of biological systems; the passage says it plays a 'crucial role,' not an exclusive one.