1. A teacher claims that students who attend extra classes score better in exams. What assumption is made?
Solution
Correct: B
The argument assumes a causal link between attending extra classes and better scores. Options A and D offer explanations but not the direct assumption. Option C introduces a reverse causality (intelligence leading to attendance), which is not the assumption. B directly states the causal assumption.
2. A newspaper article argues that banning plastic bags reduces pollution. What assumption does this make?
Solution
Correct: C
The argument assumes that banning plastic bags will effectively discourage their use (C). Option B is secondary, as the assumption is about behavioral change. A overstates the scope, and D is unrelated to the core assumption.
3. A company claims its new product is the best in the market. What assumption is implicit?
Solution
Correct: C
The argument assumes the product's quality is the deciding factor (C). A and B are secondary, while D is about marketing, not product quality itself.
4. A study concludes that eating nuts improves memory. What does it assume?
Solution
Correct: D
The study assumes that the observed improvement is caused by nuts (D). A is a validity concern, but the core assumption is that the correlation implies causation. B and C are irrelevant.
5. A law school admissions policy states that top-scoring students get priority. What assumption is made?
Solution
Correct: A
The policy assumes that high scores indicate competence (A). B and C are assumptions about fairness and qualification, but the core link is between scores and success. D is irrelevant.
6. A doctor advises regular exercise to prevent heart disease. What is the assumption?
Solution
Correct: D
The advice assumes that inactivity is a root cause (D). A and B are practical considerations, but C is a stronger assumption about lifestyle as the sole cause, which is broader than D.
7. A city plans to build a new airport to boost tourism. What assumption is implicit?
Solution
Correct: B
The plan assumes that the airport will overcome existing limitations (B). A is an outcome prediction. C and D are secondary factors that could influence feasibility but are not core to the assumption.
8. A politician asserts that free healthcare improves public health. What is the assumption?
Solution
Correct: B
The argument assumes that accessibility improves (B). A is a premise, but B is the causal link. C and D are logistical issues, not the core assumption about cause-effect.
9. An app claims to improve time management by tracking tasks. What assumption is made?
Solution
Correct: B
The claim assumes task tracking directly improves time management (B). A is broader, while C and D are about user adoption, not the mechanism of improvement.
10. A school introduces uniforms to reduce peer pressure. What assumption is implicit?
Solution
Correct: B
The assumption is that clothing differences drive peer pressure (B). A overstates the outcome. C and D are irrelevant.
11. A diet plan claims to help weight loss by controlling portion sizes. What is the assumption?
Solution
Correct: A
The argument assumes that reducing portion sizes reduces calorie intake, which is implied in C. A is a more specific version of this assumption and is the best choice.
12. A government policy offers tax breaks to businesses in rural areas. What assumption does this make?
Solution
Correct: B
The policy assumes that tax breaks will incentivize business development in rural areas (B). A is a possible effect, while C and D are irrelevant or assumptions that are not directly linked.
13. A study claims that reading fiction improves empathy. What assumption is made?
Solution
Correct: D
The study assumes that emotional engagement with stories (D) is necessary for empathy improvement. A is a measurement assumption, but D addresses the mechanism. B and C are irrelevant.
14. A university requires standardized tests for admissions. What assumption is implicit?
Solution
Correct: B
The assumption is that the tests accurately gauge academic ability (B). C and D are related but not the core assumption. A is a logistical concern, not the foundation of the policy.