Daily Olympiad: Logical Reasoning - Analogy [20260714]

Solution

Correct: A

A QUORUM is the minimum number of members required for a MEETING to be validly conducted. Similarly, a VOTE is an essential minimum requirement for an ELECTION to proceed and be valid. While a committee has members and a class has attendance, these are not the *minimum conditions for validity* in the same way as quorum for a meeting or a vote for an election. Footprint : Track is a different type of relationship.

Solution

Correct: D

ALTRUISM is the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others, which is often expressed through PHILANTHROPY (the practice of performing charitable or benevolent actions). So, philanthropy is a manifestation or practical application of altruism. Similarly, PATRIOTISM (love for one's country) can manifest as CHAUVINISM (excessive or aggressive patriotism), though chauvinism is often considered an extreme or negative manifestation. Skepticism is doubt, but not the manifestation. Cowardice and bravery are opposites. Invention and discovery are distinct processes.

Solution

Correct: B

A CONSTELLATION is a specific and recognized group of STARS. Similarly, a FLOCK is a recognized collective noun for a group of BIRDS. While an orchestra has musicians and a forest has trees, 'flock' specifically refers to a natural grouping of birds, just as 'constellation' refers to a natural grouping of stars (as seen from Earth and culturally defined). Crowd is a general term for many people, less specific than constellation.

Solution

Correct: A

AMELIORATE means to make something better or more tolerable, while WORSEN means to make something worse. They are antonyms, representing opposite effects. Similarly, MITIGATE means to make less severe, serious, or painful, and INTENSIFY means to make or become more intense. Thus, Mitigate and Intensify are antonyms, representing opposite effects. Propitiate is to appease, Annoy is to irritate, which are not direct opposites. Palpable and tangible are synonyms. Abstruse and obscure are synonyms.

Solution

Correct: C

An OSTRICH is a specific type of BIRD. This is a 'specific instance to category' relationship. Similarly, a SNAKE is a specific type of REPTILE. Kangaroo is a mammal is correct, but the given options for mammals usually have a less distinct 'type' relationship than ostrich to bird or snake to reptile. Whale : Fish is incorrect as a whale is a mammal, not a fish. Fish : Swimming describes an action, not a category.

Solution

Correct: B

DEFLATION is a general decrease in PRICES. This is a cause-effect or action-object relationship where deflation acts upon prices. Similarly, EROSION is the process of wearing away SOIL (or rock). It's a process that directly affects the integrity or quantity of the object. Inflation affects currency value, but deflation directly implies falling prices. Corruption affects morals, but erosion is a more direct physical process affecting soil, similar to how deflation is an economic process affecting prices.

Solution

Correct: A

A CHRONOMETER is an instrument used to measure TIME with extreme accuracy. The relationship is 'instrument to measured quantity'. Similarly, a BAROMETER is an instrument used to measure ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. A thermometer measures temperature, not heat. An odometer measures distance, not speed. A radiator controls temperature, but doesn't primarily measure it.

Solution

Correct: A

PRODIGIOUS means remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree, which is an antonym to SMALL. The relationship is one of direct opposites. Similarly, LACONIC means using very few words, and VERBOSE means using or expressed in more words than are needed. Thus, Laconic and Verbose are antonyms. Frugal and economical are synonyms. Audacious and bold are synonyms. Ambiguous and unclear are synonyms.

Solution

Correct: A

The EQUATOR is a specific line that represents 0 degrees LATITUDE. It is a specific example within the general concept of latitude. Similarly, the PRIME MERIDIAN is a specific line that represents 0 degrees LONGITUDE. This is a specific instance of a geographical coordinate type.

Solution

Correct: C

The EPIDERMIS is the outermost protective layer of the SKIN. The relationship is 'outer layer to whole'. Similarly, the BARK is the outermost protective layer of a TREE. Crust is the outermost layer of Earth, but bark provides a closer functional analogy to epidermis in a biological sense. Petal is a part of a flower, but not necessarily the outermost protective layer. Roof is the top of a house, but bark is more integral as an outer layer.

Solution

Correct: B

INCANDESCENT describes something that emits light as a GLOW when heated. The relationship is 'adjective to its characteristic phenomenon/effect'. Similarly, SONOROUS describes something that is full, deep, or rich in SOUND. Acrid describes a smell, but acrid is the quality of the smell, not the smell itself. Malodorous is bad smell, fragrance is good smell. Voluminous is a quality of size, not the size itself as a phenomenon.

Solution

Correct: B

A PANACEA is a universal CURE for all diseases or ills. It implies a perfect or ultimate cure. The relationship is a 'specific, ideal form to general function'. Similarly, a NOSTRUM is a medicine, especially one of questionable effectiveness, promoted for its purported (but not proven) REMEDYing properties. It's often a quack remedy. Both panacea and nostrum refer to a type of cure/remedy, with an underlying implication about their nature (universal/ideal vs. questionable). Elixir is a type of drink, but not specifically a cure. Ointment treats aches, but isn't a type of ache. Alleviate is an action on pain.

Solution

Correct: A

A BIBLIOPHILE is a person who loves or collects BOOKS. The relationship is 'person who loves/is devoted to a specific object'. Similarly, a GOURMET is a person who has a discerning palate for good FOOD and enjoys eating it. A claustrophobe fears enclosed spaces, not open spaces. A pyromaniac loves fire, not water. An astrologer studies stars, but not with the same 'love/collection' connotation as a bibliophile.

Solution

Correct: A

PARSIMONIOUS describes someone who is extremely unwilling to spend money or use resources, implying a lack of EXTRAVAGANCE. The relationship is 'adjective describing a quality, followed by what that quality avoids or lacks'. Similarly, CAUTIOUS describes someone who avoids RISK. Generous and altruism are related positive traits. Temperate implies moderation, but the primary pair is about avoiding the opposite. Loquacious means talkative, which is the opposite of silence.

Solution

Correct: D

An OATH is a formal promise or declaration, typically made in solemn assertion of truth or in witness of a pledge, and is often taken to confirm ALLEGIANCE. The relationship is 'a formal declaration used to affirm or express a commitment'. Similarly, a PLEDGE is a solemn promise or undertaking, often given to express LOYALTY. While a vow is part of marriage, and signature part of a document, pledge:loyalty captures the solemn commitment/declaration relationship most accurately.

Solution

Correct: A

A SYMPHONY is a musical work created by a COMPOSER. The relationship is 'artistic creation to its creator'. All options represent a creation and its creator. However, a 'Play' is written by a playwright and directed by a director. The director interprets the play but doesn't create the primary 'work' in the same sense as a composer creates a symphony. Novel : Author, Painting : Artist, and Statue : Sculptor all represent the creation of a primary artistic work by an individual. 'Novel : Author' is arguably the most direct and comparable relationship, as both a symphony and a novel are extensive, complex creative works.

Solution

Correct: C

ANATOMY is the study of the structure of organisms and their parts, while PHYSIOLOGY is the study of how these parts function. They are two distinct but closely related fields, where anatomy describes the 'what' and physiology describes the 'how' or 'function' of the same biological system. Similarly, ARCHITECTURE is the art and science of designing and erecting buildings (form and structure), while ENGINEERING applies scientific principles to design and build structures and systems, often focusing on the functional aspects and stability. Chemistry and Physics are distinct sciences. Geology and Biology are distinct. Theory and Practice is a general relationship, but Anatomy/Physiology and Architecture/Engineering are specific professional/academic relationships.

Solution

Correct: A

GAUCHE means lacking social grace, sensitivity, or acuteness; awkward, which is the antithesis or lack of ELEGANCE. The relationship is 'a quality that defines the absence or opposite of the second term'. Similarly, DEFT means neatly skillful and quick in one's movements, which is the opposite or absence of CLUMSINESS. Verbose is the opposite of brevity. Inert is the opposite of movement. All three options (A, B, C) follow this pattern. However, 'gauche' specifically refers to social awkwardness or lack of grace, which 'deft' to 'clumsiness' (physical grace) is a very close parallel in terms of expressing a deficiency in a particular attribute. 'Verbose' is a lack of brevity, 'inert' is a lack of movement. Deftness is the opposite of clumsiness, just as elegance is the opposite of being gauche. Sanguine is synonym of optimism.

Solution

Correct: B

A CONCLAVE is a private meeting, typically for the election of a cardinal or pope, implying it is inherently SECRET. The relationship is 'a type of gathering defined by its characteristic attribute or mode'. Similarly, an ASSEMBLY is typically a gathering of people for a specific purpose, and is generally PUBLIC. While parliament involves debate and congress involves legislation, 'secret' and 'public' describe the fundamental nature/characteristic of the gathering itself. Court is related to justice, but not directly parallel in the same way.

Solution

Correct: A

SALUTARY means producing good effects; beneficial. The relationship between SALUTARY and BENEFICIAL is one of close synonyms. Similarly, PERNICIOUS means having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way, which is a close synonym for HARMFUL. The other options (Conspicuous : Hidden, Tranquil : Disturbed, Ludicrous : Serious) are pairs of antonyms.