Daily Olympiad: Biology - Genetics Evolution [20260524]

Challenge yourself with today's NEET practice! This test covers 'Genetics Evolution' for Biology (NEET - Dropper). Level: Hard | Duration: 45 mins.

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1. A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a trait with alleles A and a. If the frequency of allele A is 0.6, what will be the frequency of heterozygotes in the next generation?

Solution
Correct: C
In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, heterozygote frequency is 2pq. Here, p = 0.6, q = 0.4. 2pq = 2 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.48. Correct option is C.

2. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'founder effect' in population genetics?

Solution
Correct: B
The founder effect occurs when a small group forms a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation. Option B describes this accurately. Other options represent gene flow, selection, or stable populations.

3. Which of the following contributes most directly to non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance?

Solution
Correct: D
Incomplete dominance occurs when alleles blend phenotypes (e.g., pink flowers from red and white parents). This is a form of codominance at the molecular level, though phenotypically it appears as blending. Option D is correct.

4. A population of beetles shows increased resistance to a pesticide after several generations of exposure. Which evolutionary mechanism most likely explains this?

Solution
Correct: D
Pesticide resistance is explained by natural selection (option D). Pre-existing resistant alleles become advantageous, increasing in frequency. Other options involve drift (A), human intervention (B), or mutation (C) indirectly.

5. Which of the following is a key molecular evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic organelle origin?

Solution
Correct: D
Endosymbiotic theory states mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotes. Circular DNA (A) and ribosome similarity (C) are key evidence. Option D is correct because all listed are valid.

6. In a Hardy-Weinberg population, the observed frequency of a recessive trait is 0.04. What is the expected frequency of the dominant allele if the population is in equilibrium?

Solution
Correct: A
Frequency of recessive genotype q² = 0.04 → q = 0.2. Dominant allele p = 1 - q = 0.8. Option A is correct.

7. Which of these processes is most likely to result in sympatric speciation?

Solution
Correct: C
Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation. Polyploidy (C) in plants can rapidly create reproductively isolated groups. Disruptive selection (B) can also contribute, but polyploidy is classic for plants.

8. A mutation causes a gene to produce a non-functional enzyme. However, heterozygotes for the mutation show normal enzyme activity. This is an example of:

Solution
Correct: A
Heterozygotes (Aa) phenocopy the dominant allele (AA), showing complete dominance (A). This is typical of recessive genetic disorders where one functional allele suffices.

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